Differential can be divided into ordinary differential and anti-slip differential two categories.
  The structure and working principle of ordinary differential
  At present, domestic cars and other kinds of cars basically use symmetrical bevel gear ordinary differential. The symmetrical bevel gear differential consists of a planetary gear, a half-shaft gear, a planetary gear shaft (a cross shaft or a direct shaft) and a differential housing.
  Left half differential housing 2 and right half differential housing 8 are bolted together. The driven gear 7 of the main reducer is bolted (or riveted) to the flange of the right half of the differential housing 8. The cross planetary gear shaft 9 is installed in the circular hole opposite the differential housing joint surface, and each journal is covered with a straight tooth bevel planetary gear 6 with a sliding bearing (bushing), and the left and right sides of the four planetary gears are engaged with a straight tooth bevel half-shaft gear 4. The shaft journal of the half shaft gear is supported in the corresponding holes on the left and right of the differential housing, and its internal spline is connected with the half shaft. The planetary gear that rotates (rotates) with the differential housing moves the half-shaft gear on both sides to rotate, and when the resistance of the wheels on both sides is different, the planetary gear also rotates around its own axis - rotation, achieving differential drive of the wheels on both sides. The back of the planetary gear and the inner surface of the corresponding position of the differential housing are made of spherical surface, which can increase the length of the planetary gear shaft hole and is conducive to the correct meshing of the two half-shaft gears.
  In the process of force transmission, the planetary gear and the half shaft gear play a large axial force between the two bevel gears, in order to reduce the wear between the gear and the differential housing, the back of the half shaft gear and the planetary gear are respectively equipped with a flat gasket 3 and a spherical gasket 5. Gaskets are usually made of mild steel, copper or polyformaldehyde plastic.
  Decomposition of differential construction parts.
  The lubrication of the differential is carried out in conjunction with the main reducer. In order to allow the lubricating oil to enter the differential, there is often a window in the differential housing. In order to ensure that the lubricating oil can smoothly reach the planetary gear and the planetary gear shaft journal, a plane is milled on the planetary gear shaft journal, and a radial oil hole is drilled between the teeth of the planetary gear.
  In the car below the intermediate level, because the torque of the driving wheel is not large, there are two planetary gears in the differential. The corresponding planetary gear shaft is a direct shaft, and the differential shell can be made into an integral shell with a large window hole, through which the planetary gear and half shaft gear can be disassembled.
  Two characteristics of the ordinary geared differential
  Kinematic characteristic relation in symmetrical bevel gear differential
  The diagram shown is a general symmetrical bevel gear differential. The differential housing 3, as the driving part of the differential, is integrated with the driven gear 6 and the planetary gear shaft 5 of the main reducer. Shaft gears 1 and 2 are the driven parts in the differential. The planetary gear can rotate with the planetary gear shaft around the axis of rotation of the differential, and can rotate around the axis of the planetary gear shaft. Set in a period of time, the differential shell turned N0, and the half shaft gear 1 and 2 respectively turned N1 and N2 (N0, N1 and N2 are not necessarily integers), then when the planetary gear only rotates around the differential axis of rotation without rotation, the planetary gear rotates the half shaft gear 1 and 2 synchronously, there are:
  N1 is equal to N2 is equal to N0
  When the planetary gear rotates around the axis of the planetary gear shaft while rotating, the number of revolutions (N4) caused by the rotation of the planetary gear on one side of the half-shaft gear 1 than the differential housing must be equal to the number of revolutions of the other side of the half-shaft gear 2 than the differential housing.
So, N1 = N0 +N4 and N2 = N0 -N4
  In the above two cases, N1, N2 and N0 have the following relationship:
  N1 plus N2 is equal to 2N0
  If expressed in angular velocity, there should be:
  Omega 1 plus omega 2 is equal to 2 omega 0
  Where ω1, ω2 and ω0 are the rotation angular speeds of the left and right half shaft and differential housing respectively.
  The above formula shows that the sum of the speed of the left and right half shaft gears is equal to twice the speed of the differential housing, which is the kinematic characteristic relation of the symmetrical bevel gear differential with the same diameter of the two half shaft gears.
  B Torque distribution relation in symmetrical bevel gear differential
  In the above differential, the torque of the input differential housing is M0, and the torque of the output to the left and right half-shaft gears is M1 and M2. When the planetary gear shaft connected with the differential housing drives the planetary gear to rotate, the planetary gear is equivalent to a transverse rod, where the point is driven by the planetary gear shaft, the left and right ends drive the half-shaft gear to rotate, and the driving force acting on the planetary gear must be evenly distributed to the two half-shaft gears. And because the radius of the two half-shaft gears is also equal. Therefore, when the planetary gear has no rotation trend, the differential always distributes the torque M0 equally to the left and right half shaft gears, that is, M1 = M2 = 0.5M0.
  When the two half-shaft gears rotate in the same direction at different speeds, the left half-shaft speed nl is greater than the right half-shaft speed n2, then the planetary gear will press
    The solid arrow n4 rotates in the direction of the planetary gear shaft journal 5, causing friction between the planetary gear hole and the planetary gear shaft shaft neck, between the planetary gear back and the differential housing, and between the semi-shaft gear back and the differential housing.